Selasa, 26 Juli 2016
Pengenalan Network dan Cisco Device
pengenalan network
Apabila 7 OSI Layer susah untuk dihafal, maka sebagai seorang network engineer hafal Layer 1, 2 dan 3 adalah suatu keharusan, karena dapat menunjukkan bedanya antara Hub, Switch dan Router dimana ketiganya berada di layer yang berbeda sehingga memiliki cara kerja yang berbeda tentunya
2.2 Pengenalan Tipe Network
Berdasarkan Jaraknya terbagi menjadi 3
1. LAN : Bandwidth kecepatan tinggi, jarak jangkauan terbatas, kabelnya UTP dan Optic
2. MAN : Bandwidth kecepatan tinggi, jarak jangkauan satu kota, kabelnya Optic
3. WAN : Bandwidth rendah, jarak bisa antar pulau ataupun antar negara, kabelnya serial
Pengenalan Router/Switch Cisco
Masing-masing series juga ada berbagai macam sesuai jumlah port interface yang dimilikinya seperti berikut untuk cisco 1700 series.
Berikut untuk berbagai macam cisco 2500 series
Berikut untuk berbagai macam cisco 2600 series dan perbedaannya.
Sedangkan untuk switch Layer 2 nya yakni 2950 berikut seri-serinya
• Cisco Catalyst 2950G 48 : 48 10/100 ports + 2 Gigabit Interface Converter
• Cisco Catalyst 2950G 24 : 24 10/100 ports + 2 GBIC ports
• Cisco Catalyst 2950G 24-DC : 24 10/100 ports + 2 GBIC ports, DC power
• Cisco Catalyst 2950G 12 : 12 10/100 ports + 2 GBIC ports
• Cisco Catalyst 2950T 24 : 24 10/100 ports + 2 fixed 10/100/1000BASE-T uplink
• Cisco Catalyst 2950C 24 : 24 10/100 ports + 2 fixed 100BASE-FX uplink ports
Sedangkan untuk switch Layer 3 nya yakni 3550 berikut seri-serinya
• Catalyst 3550-24 Switch
24 10/100 ports + 2 Gigabit Interface Converter (GBIC)-based Gigabit Ethernet ports;
• Catalyst 3550-24 PWR Switch
24 10/100 ports with integrated inline power and two GBIC-based Gigabit Ethernet ports;
• Catalyst 3550-24-DC Switch
24 10/100 ports and two GBIC-based Gigabit Ethernet ports; 1 RU; DC-powered
• Catalyst 3550-24-FX Switch
24 100FX ports and two GBIC-based Gigabit Ethernet ports; 1 RU
• Catalyst 3550-48 Switch
48 10/100 ports and two GBIC-based Gigabit Ethernet ports; 1 RU
• Catalyst 3550-12G Switch
10 GBIC-based Gigabit Ethernet ports and two 10/100/1000BASE-T ports; 1.5 RU
• Catalyst 3550-12T Switch
10 10/100/1000BASE-T ports and two GBIC-based Gigabit Ethernet ports; 1.5 RU
Sedangkan untuk seri-seri terbaru router adalah sebagai berikut
Cisco CRS Series
Offers industry-leading performance, advanced services intelligence, environmentally aware design, and system longevity
Uses Cisco IOS XR Software, a unique self-healing, modular, distributed operating system
Cisco CRS-3, powered by Cisco QuantumFlow Array, offers from a single-chassis to a multichassis system up to 322 Tbps
Cisco CRS-1, built on Cisco Silicon Packet Processor, offers from a single-chassis to a multishelf system up to 92 Tbp
Cisco ASR Series
Ideal for service providers and enterprises seeking leading performance with compact form factor
Allows current and future services to be switched on instantly, at line rate, without compromising network performance or availability, using the Innovative Cisco QuantumFlow processor
Delivers highly secure, high-performance, and integrated software-enabled services (no service blades required), including multi-gigabit encryption, broadband, 20 and 40 Gbps firewall, Network- Based Application Recognition (NBAR), Flexible Packet Matching and session border control
Establishes new price and performance class for edge routers that deliver service integration for personalized, residential "any play" and complex business services
Provides powerful resiliency with convenient and cost-saving in-service software upgrade (ISSU) capability
Offers software redundancy on non-redundant hardware with ASR 1002 and ASR 1004 routers
Offers highly scalable, redundant hardware and 40 Gbps services and interface processors in the ASR 1006 and ASR 1013 routers
Cisco 7600
Ideal for enterprise wide-area or metropolitan-area network aggregation or service-provider environments
Business-class security supports services modules including IPSec, firewall, SSL VPN, and IPS
Supports up to four slots for redundant supervisors and line cards; 6-, 9-, and 13-slot chassis available
Support for up to 12 Shared Port Adapter (SPA) bays and SPA Interface Processors (SIP) for intelligent services
Cisco 7200
Application versatility supports managed network services, WAN and broadband aggregation, MPLS, VPN, QoS, and multiservice environments
Business-class security includes stateful inspection firewall, software and hardware VPN encryption, service-level validation features, and intrusion detection
Multiservice data/voice features include analog and digital voice, Survivable Remote Site Telephony, and
multiservice interchange (MIX)-enabled backplane
Cisco 3900
Delivers scalable rich-media services including TelePresence, highest density of service virtualization, and lowest TCO with energy efficiency
Ideal for high-end deployments requiring business continuity, WAN flexibility, superior collaboration capabilities, and investment protection
Field-upgradeable motherboard, circuit-speed WAN performance up to 350 Mbps with services such as security, mobility, WAN optimization, unified communications, video, and customized applications
Cisco 3800
Designed for medium-sized to large businesses and enterprise branch offices
Wire-speed performance with services enabled at up to T3/E3 rates; increased services density for security, voice, caching, video, network analysis, and L2
Security features include hardware-based VPN acceleration, antivirus defense through Network Admission Control, IPS, and SDM support
Cisco 2800
Designed for small to medium-sized businesses and enterprise branch offices
Wire-speed performance up to multiple T1/E1/ xDSL rates, increased services density for security, voice, caching, video, network analysis, and L2; and switching
Security features include hardware-based VPN acceleration antivirus defense, IPS, and SDM support
Cisco 1800
Designed for small to medium-sized businesses and small enterprise branch offices
Available in both fixed and modular configurations
Wire-speed performance with secure data services enabled at up to T1,E1, or xDSL rates
Business-class security with stateful firewall with URL filtering, VPN 3DES encryption and Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), Dynamic Multipoint VPN, IPS, and secure wireless LAN option
Secure WLAN option for simultaneous 802.11a and 802.11b/g operation with use of multiple antennas
Untuk cisco 2800 series, berikut model dan perbedaanya
Sedangkan untuk seri-seri terbaru cisco catalyst switch adalah sebagai berikut
Cisco Nexus Series
Highest switching capacity; up to 550 Gb per slot, 17.6 Tb per chassis
Highest 1,10, 40 and 100 Gigabit Ethernet
Advanced high availability; hitless In-Service Software Upgrade (ISSU)
Optimized for highly secure virtualized environments Cisco TrustSec, Virtual Device Contexts
Excellent for collapsed data center-campus core deployments
Catalyst 6500 Series
Flagship Catalyst switching services platform for core-distribution deployments
Virtual Switching System bolsters availability and scales to 4-terabit capacity
Scalable services-inclusive design boosts network flexibility, efficiency, and service life
Network virtualization improves resource access, utilization, and management
Integrated services modules enhance security, manageability, and wireless control hardware and 40 Gbps services and interface processors in the ASR 1006 and ASR 1013 routers
Catalyst 4500 Series
Leading Catalyst switching platform for Borderless Access deployments
High capacity (1.6 Tbps with VSS — hardware ready) and density (240 full PoE+ ports)
60 Watt Universal Power Over Ethernet powers an unparalleled range of devices
High availability with In-Service Software Upgrade and Stateful Switchover
Competitive feature set and performance for mid-size distribution networks
Catalyst 4500-x Series
Fixed aggregation switch for space-constrained environments in a 1 RU, low- form factor
1.6 Tbps capacity with Virtual Switching System (hardware-ready) and modular 1/10 GE uplinks
Best-in-class scalability of up to 32-times better routes than competitors' products
Simplifies creation of separate logical networks with Easy Virtual Network (EVN)
Integrated network services: medianet, Cisco TrustSec, flexible NetFlow, and Wireshark
Catalyst 3750-x Series
Stackable fixed-configuration switches for campus and branch deployments
StackWise Plus and StackPower deliver high availability and operational efficiency
Service and network modules help enable incremental link and service upgrades
Full Power Over Ethernet Plus and comprehensive Borderless Networks services
Catalyst 3750-E Series
Stackable multilayer switches for campus and larger branch offices
StackWise Plus with 64 Gbps interconnect for a unified, resilient system of up to nine switches with subsecond failover
10-second 10G upgrade with Cisco TwinGig converter module
15.4W of Power over Ethernet (PoE) on all 48 ports
802.11n support scales beyond 15.4W per port
Uninterrupted performance with wirespeed Layer 2-4 switching, dynamic multicast routing and IPv6 routing
Fully backwards compatible with Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series for investment protection
Up to 48 10/100/1000 ports plus dual 10 GbE ports on all models
Catalyst 3750 Series
Stackable multilayer switches for branch offices and midsize organizations
Cisco StackWise 32 Gbps interconnect for a unified, resilient system of up to nine switches with subsecond failover
Transparent power supply protection with external power backup; DC power option available
Uninterrupted performance with wirespeed Layer 2-4 switching, dynamic multicast, and IPv6 routing
Network security includes access control lists (ACLs), authentication, port-level security, and identity-based network services
Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet connectivity
PoE configurations with 15.4W per port
Up to 48 10/100/1000 ports plus 4 SFP ports
Cisco Catalyst 2960 series
Standalone switches with enhanced LAN services for small and medium-sized businesses and branch office networks
Layer 2 switching with intelligent Layer 2-4 services
Up to 48 10/100 ports or 10/100/1000 ports
Fast Ethernet PoE configurations with 15.4W of PoE up to 24 ports
Flexibility of LAN Base or LAN Lite models
Pengecekan Hardware
Perangkat cisco juga seperti halnya sebuah komputer biasa, terdapat cpu, disk, memory, power supply dll. Berikut beberapa hal yang harus diketahui pada perangkat cisco.
Router#show version Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS (tm) C2600 Software (C2600-J1S3-M), Version 12.2(15)T7, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc2) TAC Support: http://www.cisco.com/tac Copyright (c) 1986-2003 by cisco Systems, Inc. Compiled Sat 09-Aug-03 07:18 by ccai Image text-base: 0x80008098, data-base: 0x8195144C ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 11.3(2)XA4, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) Router uptime is 10 hours, 58 minutes System returned to ROM by power-on System image file is "flash:c2600-j1s3-mz.122-15.T7.bin" cisco 2610 (MPC860) processor (revision 0x202) with 59392K/6144K bytes of memory. Processor board ID JAD03337409 (4221326695) M860 processor: part number 0, mask 49 Bridging software. X.25 software, Version 3.0.0. TN3270 Emulation software. 1 Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s) 2 Serial network interface(s) 32K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory. 16384K bytes of processor board System flash (Read/Write) Configuration register is 0x2142 (will be 0x2102 at next reload)
Dari informasi diatas, yang dapat diketahui adalah
1. Tipe Routernya adalah Cisco 2610
2. Memori yang dimiliki adalah sebesar (59.392 + 6.144) Kbytes = 65.436 Kbytes (64Mb)
3. NVRAM yang dimiliki adalah sebesar 32 Kbytes
4. Flash yang dimiliki adalah sebesar 16.384 Kbytes (16Mb)
5. Interface Ethernet sebanyak 1 buah
6. Interface Serial sebanyak 1 buah
7. Waktu Uptime selama 10 jam, 58 menit
Pengecekan Software atau IOS
Masih menggunakan perintah show version berikut informasi yang dapat diperoleh Router#show version Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS (tm) C2600 Software (C2600-J1S3-M), Version 12.2(15)T7, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc2) TAC Support: http://www.cisco.com/tac Copyright (c) 1986-2003 by cisco Systems, Inc. Compiled Sat 09-Aug-03 07:18 by ccai Image text-base: 0x80008098, data-base: 0x8195144C ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 11.3(2)XA4, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) Router uptime is 10 hours, 58 minutes System returned to ROM by power-on System image file is "flash:c2600-j1s3-mz.122-15.T7.bin" cisco 2610 (MPC860) processor (revision 0x202) with 59392K/6144K bytes of memory. Processor board ID JAD03337409 (4221326695) M860 processor: part number 0, mask 49 Bridging software. X.25 software, Version 3.0.0. TN3270 Emulation software. 1 Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s) 2 Serial network interface(s) 32K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory. 16384K bytes of processor board System flash (Read/Write) Configuration register is 0x2142 (will be 0x2102 at next reload)
1. Versi IOS yang digunakan adalah : version 12.22(15)T7
2. Nama file IOS nya adalah c2600-j1s3-mz.122-15.T7.bin yang terdapat didalam direktori flash
3. Nilai configuration Registernya adalah 0x2142
Ada 2 nilai configuration register yang sering digunakan yakni
0x2102 : Artinya router akan membaca konfigurasi startup pada NVRAM ketika dinyalakan
0x2142 : Artinya router akan membypass konfigurasi starup ketika dinyalakan, berguna misalnya lupa password. Karena konfigurasi password disimpan di konfigurasi startup
Nama file IOS adalah mengacu pada hal berikut
Hardware Platform misalnya, c2600, c2500, c2800, c1841, c7200 dst nya sesuai tipe/seri perangkatnya
Feature Set misalnya IP Base (Basic), IP Service, Advance Service, Advance Security dll
File Format umumnya saat ini dalam bentuk kompressi, bisa K9, MZ dll
Version Number merupakan versi rilis IOS tersebut
